A new poll reveals that nine countries have reached all-time highs for unfavorable ratings toward the People’s Republic of China (PRC) while eleven countries reached all-time lows for confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping.

The annual poll, conducted by Pew Research, analyzed responses from 19 countries in 2022.

Nine countries (Canada, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain, and the United States) saw all-time highs for unfavorable feelings toward China this year. Belgium was the only country to report an all-time low for unfavorable feelings toward China, though Pew has only surveyed the country for three years beginning in 2020.

The countries that had the most unfavorable views toward China were Japan (87 percent), Australia (86 percent), Sweden (83 percent), and the United States (82 percent). The countries that had the least unfavorable views toward China were Singapore (34 percent), Malaysia (39 percent), and Israel (46 percent).

When it came to opinions of President Xi Jinping, eleven countries (Australia, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain, and the United States) showed all-time highs for expressing “no confidence” in the Chinese leader to “do the right thing regarding world affairs.” Zero countries showed an all-time low for expressing “no confidence” in Xi.

The countries that showed the least confidence in Xi Jinping were Japan (89 percent), Australia (88 percent), South Korea (87 percent), and the United States (83 percent). The countries that had the fewest “no confidence” responses were Singapore (30 percent), Malaysia (37 percent), and Greece (57 percent).

The poll asked several other questions about relations with China. Notably, every country surveyed had a majority of respondents say that Chinese military power is a “very serious” or “somewhat serious” problem for their country.

The results reflect how certain Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore, may have more favorable views toward China yet continue to be concerned by the People’s Liberation Army’s territorial aggression in the South China Sea.

Respondents from Australia (90 percent), Japan (88 percent), South Korea (85 percent), and the United States (85 percent) were the most likely to express that Chinese military power is a “very” or “somewhat” serious problem for their country.

Majorities of respondents in fourteen of the nineteen surveyed countries also agreed that their country should prioritize human rights in China over economic relations with China. Sweden (87 percent), the United Kingdom (83 percent), Germany (78 percent), and Netherlands (78 percent) were the most likely to agree with this prioritization.

The 2022 Pew poll results align with recent trends in increasing unfavorable views toward the PRC around the world, particularly in Europe, North America, and East Asia. As China has grown more powerful and more belligerent toward other nations, global public opinion has been gradually turning against the Middle Kingdom.

Read the full Pew Research poll results here.